1 E. J. Zürcher, Turkey A Modern History (New York: I.B. Tauris, 1994), p.266. 2 E. Aydınoğlu, Türkiye Solu 1960-1980 [ Turkish Left 1960-1980] (Istanbul: Versus, 2007), p.46. 3 K. Karpat, The Gecekondu: The Rural Migration and Urbanization (London: Cambridge University Press, 1976), p. 59. 4 M. N. Danielson, and R.